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		<citationkey>ChuLiTaSoTaMe:2005:ClIoPl</citationkey>
		<title>The climatology of ionospheric plasma bubbles and irregularities over Brazil</title>
		<project>Ionosfera: Pesquisa da ionosfera</project>
		<year>2005</year>
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		<author>Chu, F. D.,</author>
		<author>Liu, J. Y.,</author>
		<author>Takahashi, Hisao,</author>
		<author>Sobral, Jose Humberto Andrade,</author>
		<author>Taylor, M. J.,</author>
		<author>Medeiros,  A. R.,</author>
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		<affiliation>Institute of Space Science, National Central University</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Institute of Space Science, National Central University</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Utah State University</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Universidade Federal de Campina Grande</affiliation>
		<journal>Annales Geophysicae</journal>
		<volume>23</volume>
		<number>2</number>
		<pages>379-384</pages>
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		<keywords>ionosphere, equatorial ionosphere, ionospheric disturbances, ionospheric irregularities /GPS PHASE FLUCTUATIONS, LOW LATITUDE, EQUATORIAL, AIRGLOW, SOLAR, DEPLETIONS, REGION, AERONOMY, DRIFTS, LAYER.</keywords>
		<abstract>In this paper, we examine ionospheric plasma depletions (or bubbles) and irregularities observed by photometers and a ground-based receiver of the global positioning system (GPS) both located in Brazil, South America. A simultaneous observation reveals that when the ionospheric plasma becomes depleted, the GPS total electron content decreases and the associated phase fluctuations grow. Statistical results show that the plasma bubbles and the significant GPS phase fluctuations generally occur during October-March. The solar activity variation is not obvious in either observation except during the equinoctial months. The GPS phase fluctuations suggest that the most pronounced ionospheric irregularities appear between 20:00 and 01:00 LT, which generally agree with previous ionospheric bubble observations.</abstract>
		<area>CEA</area>
		<language>en</language>
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